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Samuel Petto
Samuel Petto (ca. 1624–1711) was an English Calvinist, a Cambridge graduate, and an Independent Puritan clergyman who primarily ministered in Sudbury, Suffolk. He was a prolific theologian who made a significant contribution to the development of British covenant theology by describing the link between the covenant of works and the covenant of grace and also demonstrating the relationship between justification and covenant theology. Additionally, he wrote two catechisms and a book advocating lay preaching. He also had close ties with a radical political movement.
==Early life==
Petto was born in England in 1624, though his birthplace and parentage are unknown. Petto’s early life coincided with the tumultuous reign of Charles I. It is possible that the turbulent times influenced Petto’s decision to embrace religious nonconformity. Despite the religious turmoil of the times, Petto attended Cambridge University to study to become a minister.
He was enrolled in St. Catharine’s College as a “sizar” (a student granted a ration of food and lodging for free due to financial need).〔Michael Brown, ''Christ and the Covenant: The Covenant Theology of Samuel Petto (1624-1711)'' (Grand Rapids: Reformation Heritage Books, 2012), 9-11.〕 Petto graduated with his bachelor’s degree in 1647, and some records indicate that he also earned a master’s degree, though no date is given.〔See the entry on Petto in A.G. Matthews, ''Calamy Revised: Being a Revision of Edmund Calamy’s Account of the Ministers and Others Ejected and Silenced, 1660-62'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934, repr., 1988), 388.〕 St. Catharine’s College was considered a center for theological study.〔John Twigg, ''A History of Queen’s College, Cambridge 1448-1986'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 104.〕 Petto would have studied under Ralph Brownrigg (1592-1659) and William Spurstowe (1605–66), both of whom were delegates at the Westminster Assembly and Calvinistic in their theology.〔Mark Dever, ''Richard Sibbes: Puritanism and Calvinism in Late Elizabethan and Early Stuart England'' (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2000), 34-48.〕 This Calvinistic influence was seen later as Petto favorably quoted John Calvin (1509–64), Richard Sibbes (1577-1635), Samuel Bolton (1606–54), John Owen (1616–83), and the Heidelberg Catechism.〔See Samuel Petto, ''The difference between the Old and New Covenant Stated and Explained: With an Exposition of the Covenant of Grace in the Principal Concernments of it'' (London, 1674), 176, 44, 113, 177.〕
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